Women divers on South Korea’s Jeju Island dive for hours underwater without artificial oxygen, preserving a centuries-old tradition

The women divers of South Korea’s Jeju Island, known as Haenyeo, or “sea women,” spend hours underwater without artificial oxygen, harvesting shellfish, seaweed, and other marine resources from the ocean floor. Trained from a young age, they undergo years of rigorous practice that develop exceptional breath-holding skills and physical endurance. They can dive up to 20 meters deep and remain submerged for several minutes at a time, using a unique breathing technique called "subisori." This centuries-old tradition has been passed down through generations and is deeply rooted in Jeju’s cultural identity. Historically, the island followed a semi-matriarchal structure where women served as primary earners while men took on household roles. Today, although the number of Haenyeo is declining, the tradition continues as a symbol of resilience and heritage. Recognized by UNESCO in 2016 as an Intangible Cultural Heritage, the Haenyeo represent strength, independence, and the enduring spirit of Jeju’s coastal communities.